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Lars von Trier (born Lars Trier, April 30, 1956) is a Danish film director closely associated with the Dogme95 collective, calling for a return to plausible stories in filmmaking and a move away from artifice and towards technical minimalism.

Biography

Lars von Trier was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was raised by nudist Jewish Communist parents who did not allow much room in their household for "feelings, religion, or enjoyment," as von Trier later said. The young Lars found in cinema an outlet to the outside world through which he could learn about subjects otherwise forbidden from his study by his parents. He began making his own films at the age of 11 after receiving a Super-8 camera as a gift and continued to be involved in independent moviemaking throughout his high school years. Starpulse.com Biography

In 1979 he was enrolled in the Danish Film School.The Tomb: Lars von Trier Interview During his time as a student at the school he made the films, Nocture (Nocture, 1980) and Image of Liberation (Befrielsesbilleder, 1982) that both won Best Film awards at the Munich Film Festival, along with The Last Detail (Den sidste detalje 1981). His peers at the film school nicknamed him "von Trier." The name is sort of an inside-joke with the von part suggesting nobility, while Lars and Trier are quite common names in Denmark. He reportedly kept the "von" name in homage to Erich von Stroheim and Josef von Sternberg. He graduated from the film school in 1983.

After his graduation he began work on the Europe trilogy, which started with The Element of Crime (Forbrydelsens element 1984). The film was a technical accomplishment and won a technical award at the Cannes Film Festival. This film was followed by Epidemic (1987) that was also shown as part of the official programme at Cannes. For television von Trier directed Medea (1988) which won the Jean d'Arcy prize in France. He then finished the Europe trilogy in 1991 with Europa (US title, Zentropa), which won the Prix du Jury at Cannes Film Festival and picked up awards at other major festivals. In 1990 he also made the video clip for the worldwide hit "Bakerman" by Laid Back. 2006 this video clip was reused by the english DJ and artist Shaun Baker who did a remake of Bakerman.

In 1992 he co-founded together with Peter Aalbæk Jensen the movie production company Zentropa, which was named after his latest movie. The reason for doing this was to achieve financial independence and to have total creative control. The production company has produced many movies other than von Trier's own as well as television series. It is also the world's only mainstream film studio to have produced hardcore sex films: Constance (1998), Pink Prison (1999), HotMen CoolBoyz (2000) and All About Anna (2005).

In order to make money for his newly founded companyLars von Trier fan site biography, he made The Kingdom (Riget, 1994) and The Kingdom II (Riget II, 1997), a pair of miniseries recorded in the Danish national hospital, the name "Riget" being a slang term for the hospital which is called "Rigshospitalet" (lit. The Kingdom's Hospital) in Danish. A projected third installment in the series has been derailed due to the death of Ernst-Hugo Järegård, who played Helmer, one of the major characters.

His mother revealed on her deathbed in 1995 that the man he thought was his father was not. After an initial meeting with his real father, his real father has refused to speak to him. After these revelations von Trier rebelled against his past and converted to Catholicism.

Breaking the Waves (1996) won the Grand Prix at Cannes. The film featured Emily Watson, who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress.

Lars von Trier overcame his dislike of traveling to present the second Dogme film, The Idiots (Idioterne, 1998), in person at the Cannes film festival. As instructor and originator of the Dogme95 concept, which led to international interest in Danish film as a whole, he has inspired filmmakers all over the world.

In 2000, von Trier premiered a musical featuring the renowned Icelandic musician Björk, Dancer in the Dark. The film won the Palme d'Or at Cannes.

He has completed (2005) Manderlay, the second film in his USA trilogy. The first film in that trilogy, Dogville, starred Nicole Kidman, and met with mixed critical reaction. Some viewers considered the film bold and powerful, while others found it pretentious and affected.

In 2006 he released a Danish comedy film The Boss of it All. It has been shot using a process that Von Trier has called Automavision, which involves the director choosing the best possible fixed camera position and then allowing a computer to choose when to tilt, pan or zoom. The last part of the USA-trilogy titled Wasington [sic] is now planned to be produced after a film called The Antikrist, the plot is about how the world would be if the Devil was the creator of all.

Phobias

Von Trier suffers from multiple phobias, including an intense fear of flying. As the director once put it, "Basically, I'm afraid of everything in life, except filmmaking." His fear of air travel frequently places severely limiting constraints on him and his crew, necessitating that virtually all of his films be shot in either Denmark or Sweden, even those set in the United States or other foreign countries. Von Trier has had a number of his films featured at the Cannes Film Festival over the course of his career, and each time has insisted on driving from Denmark to France for the festival and back.

Trivia

• He has described himself in Interview magazine (June 1989) as "a melancholy Dane dancing in the dark to images on the silver screen."

• He is heavily influenced by the work of Carl Theodor Dreyer and the film The Night Porter.

• Like many auteurs, he uses the same regular group of actors in many of his films. Some of his frequently used actors are Jean-Marc Barr, Udo Kier and Stellan Skarsgård.

• While accepting an award for his film The Idiots, Von Trier called fellow filmmaker Roman Polanski a "midget". Trier later apologized and said he was referring to Polanski's character in Chinatown and not the director personally.

• In a 2003 interview with The AgeThe Age Interview, von Trier claimed not to watch films anymore, saying his hard-drive was full. Instead, he prefers video games. He also enthusiastically endorsed Prozac and pornography.

Filming Techniques

Lars von Trier has said that “a film should be like a rock in the shoe”. In order to create original art he feels that filmmakers must distinguish themselves stylistically from other films, often by placing restrictions on the filmmaking process. The most famous restriction is the cinematic "vow of chastity" of the Dogme95 movement with which he is associated, though only one of his films, The Idiots, is an actual Dogme95 film. In Dancer in the Dark, dramatically-different color palettes and camera techniques were used for the "real world" and musical portions of the film, and in Dogville everything was filmed on a sound stage with no set where the walls of the buildings in the fictional town were marked as a line on the floor.

Von Trier often shoots his scenes for longer periods than most directors to encourage actors to stay in character. In Dogville he let actors stay in character for hours, in the style of method acting. The rules and restrictions are a break from the traditional Hollywood production, though directors such as Robert Altman have long been using such techniques of working with actors. These techniques often put great strain on actors, most famously with Björk during the filming of Dancer in the Dark.

Trilogies

Most of von Trier’s films and television projects are parts of thematic and stylistic trilogies. The exceptions to this rule are his early work from before he graduated the Danish Film School and some TV projects.

The Europa trilogy illuminated the traumas of Europe in the past and future. This trilogy includes The Element of Crime (1984), Epidemic (1988) and Europa (Zentropa, 1991).

The Golden Heart trilogy was about naive heroines who maintain their 'golden hearts' despite the tragedies they experience. This trilogy includes Breaking the Waves (1996), The Idiots (1998) and Dancer in the Dark (2000). While all three films are sometimes associated with the Dogme 95 movement, only The Idiots is a certified Dogme 95 film.

The USA - Land of Opportunities trilogy follows the character of Grace, and is set in a stylized American past. Von Trier has stated he was inspired to make a trilogy about the United States as a reaction to Americans at the Cannes film festival who said he had no right to make the Dancer in the Dark, which was critical of a country he has never been to (and has no intention of ever visiting, due to his phobia of travel). Lars von Trier proposed the films as ‘a series of sermons on America’s sins and hypocrisy’, inspired by the fact that American movie makers have made many movies about places across the world to which they have not travelled. Given that each of the films deals with idealists who come unstuck in attempting to prescribe solutions to what they perceive to be the wrongs of society, this comment may be considered to be very much more subtle than it first appears. All three movies will be shot in the same distinctive style, on a bare sound stage with no set and buildings marked by lines on the floor. This style is inspired by 1970s televised theatre. The trilogy consists of Dogville (2003), Manderlay (2005) and Wasington [sic] (in production).

The Kingdom (Riget) was planned as a trilogy of three seasons with 13 episodes in total, but the third season was not filmed due to death of star Ernst-Hugo Järegård shortly after completion of the second season.

Filmography

• The Orchid Gardener / Orchidégartneren (1977)
• Menthe - la bienheureuse (1979)
• Nocturne (1980)
• The Last Detail / Den sidste detalje (1981)
• Image of relief / Befrielsesbilleder (1982)
• The Element of Crime / Forbrydelsens element (1984)
• Epidemic (1987)
• Medea (TV movie, 1988)
• Zentropa / Europa (1991)
• The Kingdom / Riget (TV miniseries, 1994)
• Breaking the Waves (1996)
• The Kingdom II / Riget II (TV miniseries, 1997)
• The Idiots / Idioterne (1998)
• D-Dag - Lise (TV movie, 2000)
• Dancer in the Dark (2000)
• Dogville (2003, part one of von Trier's "USA" trilogy)
• The Five Obstructions / De Fem benspænd (2003; co-directed with Jørgen Leth)
• Dear Wendy (2004, screenwriter; directed by Thomas Vinterberg)
• Manderlay (2005, part two of the "USA" trilogy)
• The Boss of It All / Direktøren for det hele (2007)
• Wasington (in production, part three of the "USA" trilogy)

References

External links

• Production Company
• Fan Forum
• Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
• The Independent Weekly: Does Lars von Trier hate America? Or does he just hate America's movies?
• Lars von Trier bibliography (via UC Berkeley)
• "I am an American woman" English translation of interview of Lars von Trier in the newspaper Die Zeit

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